天津体育学院学报

公民体育锻炼认知与行为关系研究,不仅是锻炼心理学理论研究的重要内容,也是制定或调整全民健身政策的重要参考。以中国公民体育意识与行为调查数据(2018)为来源,以公民体育锻炼价值认知为起点,以公民体育锻炼行为为落脚,采用描述性分析、相关性分析、logistic回归分析与逻辑思辨相结合的研究方法,建立理论解释模型,对公民体育锻炼由"知"向"行"转化过程中的"脱节"问题进行研究,重点考察影响公民参与体育锻炼"知行脱节"的自身因素。结果发现:(1)在纳入研究有"知"的509个样本中,"知行一致"者430人,占总样本总量的84.5%,"知行脱节"者79人,占总样本总量15.5%,即约一成半的公民处于"知""行"分离状态。"知行脱节"发生率女高于男,农村人口高于城镇人口,自评健康状况越好,发生率越低。(2)纳入影响"知行脱节"的7个自身因素均与"知行脱节"存在极其显著的负相关关系。(3)在有"知"的前提下,"体育情感""体育意愿""体育意志"和"体育技能"4个自身因素均能对"知行脱节"产生显著的负向影响,对"知行脱节"的预测准确度达88.8%。而"体育态度""权利意识""责任意识"以及人口统计学变量对其影响不大。结论:"认知"能否转化为行为,除受外界环境条件的影响外,在很大程度上还受公民自身因素的影响,其中"体育情感""体育意愿""体育意志"和"体育技能"是最重要的4个因素。

The relationship between cognition and behavior of civic physical exercise is not only an important part of the theoretical study of exercise psychology,but also an important reference for formulating or adjusting the national fitness policy. The article takes the Chinese citizen sports awareness and behavior survey data(2018)as the source,takes the citizen's physical exercise value cognition as the starting point,and takes the citizen's physical exercise behavior as the foothold. It uses descriptive analysis,correlation analysis,logistic regression analysis and logical speculation. Combining the research methods,establishing a theoretical interpretation model,researching the problem of"disjointed"in the process of transforming citizens' physical exercise from"knowing"to"doing",focusing on the factors that affect citizens' participation in physical exercise"the disconnect between knowing and doing". The results showed that:(1)Among the 509 samples with"knowing"included in the study,430 people were"knowing with doing",accounting for 84.5% of the total sample,and79 people were"disconnect between knowing and doing",accounting for the total sample. 15.5% of the citizens,that is,about 1.5% of the citizens are in a state of separation between "knowing" and "doing". The incidence of"disconnected from knowing and doing"is higher for women than for men,and the rural population is higher than urban population. The better the self-evaluation health status,the lower the incidence rate.(2)There are extremely significant negative correlations between the seven factors that influence the"disconnection between knowing and doing"and the"disconnect between knowing and doing".(3)Under the premise of"knowing","sports emotions","sports willingness","sports will"and"sports skills"can have a significant negative impact on"disconnect between knowing and doing". The prediction accuracy of the disjointed is 88.8%. The "sports attitude", "rights consciousness", "responsibility consciousness" and demographic variables have little effect on them. Whether"cognition"can be transformed into behavior,besides being influenced by external environmental conditions,is largely influenced by citizens' own factors,including"sports emotions","sports willingness","sports will"and"sports skills"is the most important factor.