天津体育学院学报

核心素养导向的课程改革已成为国际趋势,对核心素养下美国、英国、法国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、韩国等8个发达国家体育课程标准进行比较分析。课程性质与理念方面,均强调实践性,但西方国家更注重课程的健康价值,而东方国家则更注重课程的知识传承与文化繁衍价值;学科核心素养方面,呈现出"通用学科核心素养+跨学科核心素养+体育学科核心素养""通用学科核心素养+体育学科核心素养"和"体育学科核心素养"的3种架构形态,提出了凸显"健身育人+健康"特色但又各具特点的素养维度;课程目标方面,注重目标与学科核心素养对接、不同学段目标逐级提升,涵盖"三维健康观"但侧重点有所区别;课程内容方面,形成了"学科""领域"和"未明确分类"内容呈现形式,注重"目标引领内容",内容范围覆盖广且依据学段要求逐步提升;学习评价方面,基于核心素养构建了学业质量标准,强调多元体育学习评价;课程实施方面,部分国家强调指向核心素养、实施要求侧重点各异且由课堂教学向外拓展。未来的体育课程标准将逐步形成更加完善的学科核心素养体系,更加强调"核心素养→课程目标→课程内容"之间逐级引领关系,形成体育学业质量标准以更好地引领多元化体育学习评价,基于"大课程观"全面推进体育课程实施以促进核心素养达成。

Key competence-oriented curriculum reform has become an international trend. This paper compares and analyzes the"competence-based"physical education curriculum standards of eight developed countries,such as the United States,England,France,Russia,Australia,New Zealand,Japan,Korea. In terms of the nature and concept of curriculum,both emphasize practicality,but the western countries pay more attention to the healthy value of curriculum,while the eastern countries pay more attention to the value of knowledge inheritance and cultural reproduction carried by curriculum. In terms of subject key competence,there are three kinds of framework forms:"general subject key competence + interdisciplinary key competence+sports subject key competence","general subject key competence + sports subject key competence"and"sports subject key competence",which put forward the subject key competence dimensions that highlight the characteristics of"fitness education+health"but have their own characteristics. In terms of curriculum objectives,pay attention to the docking of objectives and subject key competence,reflect the gradual improvement of objectives in different segments,covering the"three-dimensional health concept",but with different emphasis. In terms of curriculum content,it has formed the content presentation form of"subject","field"and"undefined classification",focusing on"goal leading content",covering a wide range of content and gradually improving according to the requirements of the learning section. In the aspect of learning assessment,based on the key competence,it constructs the academic quality standard,emphasizes the multiple physical education learning assessment;in the aspect of curriculum implementation,some countries emphasizes the key competence,the emphasis of the implementation is different,and the implementation is expanded from classroom to outward. The development trend of the future physical education curriculum standard:it will gradually form a more perfect key competence system,more emphasis on the level by level leading relationship between"key competence→curriculum goal→curriculum content",form the physical education academic quality standard to better lead the diversified physical education learning assessment,and comprehensively promote the implementation of physical education curriculum to promote the key competence achievement based on the"big curriculum view".