天津体育学院学报

目的:探讨花样滑冰跳跃动作落冰过程中肌肉的工作特征及相关陆地模仿的训练效果。方法:以我国优秀双人滑男运动员张某为研究对象,利用Mega ME6000肌电测试仪对其完成后外点冰两周跳、陆地两周跳、凳上跃起动作落地过程支撑腿落地后0.8 s内双侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌外侧头、股直肌、股二头肌、臀大肌、竖脊肌、腹外斜肌和腹直肌的表面肌电信号进行采集,通过MegaWin2.4对原始数据进行处理分析。结果:完成专项动作时积分面积较大的8块肌肉依次为右侧股二头肌、右侧股直肌、右侧腓肠肌外侧头、左侧股二头肌、右侧胫骨前肌、右侧臀大肌、左侧臀大肌和右侧竖脊肌,多数工作肌的积分肌电峰值出现在落冰后的0.4 s左右;完成专项动作各肌肉积分面积与凳上跃起动作具有较高相关性(r=0.578,P=0.019),与陆地两周跳动作不相关;肌肉贡献度较大的肌肉中,专项动作与两种陆地模仿动作相比,支撑腿股二头肌、股直肌和腓肠肌外侧头的平均积分肌电值明显偏高,积分肌电峰值出现时间不同。结论:完成后外点冰两周跳落冰动作的主要工作肌为支撑腿各肌群、同侧竖脊肌及摆动腿的股二头肌、臀大肌;凳上跃起和陆地两周跳两种陆地模仿练习的肌肉工作特征与专项动作有一定差异,可作为辅助训练手段,但不宜过多采用。

Objective:To observe the working characteristics of muscles during the falling ice in the jumping actions of figure skating and the training effect oflanding imitation. Methods:With the excellent Chinese pairs skating male athlete Zhang as the research object,the surface electromyogram signals of 0.8s af-ter supporting leg fall down to the ground of the tibialis anterior,caput laterale,rectus femoris,biceps femoris,gluteus maximus,erector spinae,externaloblique and rectus abdominis in both sides in the course of the double toeloop jump,land double toeloop jump and the leaping actions on stool were collectedby Mega ME6000,and the raw datas were analyzed by MegaWin2.4. Results:The muscle of the largest integral area in completing special movement is rightbiceps femoris,followed by right rectus femoris,right caput laterale,left biceps femoris,right tibialis anterior,right gluteus maximus,left gluteus maximusand right erector spinae,and the integrated electromyogram peak of most working muscles appeared around 0.4s after falling on ice. When finishing the spe-cial actions,integral areas of each muscles have high correlation with the leaping actions on stool(r=0.578,p=0.019)and uncorrelated with the land doubletoeloop jump. Compared with the special actions and two land imitation actions,the average integrated electromyogram values of biceps femoris,rectus femo-ris and caput laterale in the muscles with the bigger contribution obviously increased and the appearing times of the integrated electromyogram peak were dif-ferent. Conclusions:The key muscles of completing the action of falling on ice contained each muscle for supporting leg and the biceps femoris and gluteusmaximus for swinging the leg. The muscle'working characteristics of two land imitation trainings were different from the specific movement at certain extent, they can be used as an auxiliary training means,but not excessive used.