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国际奥组委在《遗产战略方针》中,将"奥运遗产"定义为举办奥运会或体育赛事为居民、城市、赛事等带来的长期收益。在价值层面,它就突出了体育人权的重要性,其所承载的奥林匹克精神与国际人权中的平等、和平、发展等核心理念也有着趋同的价值。从历史与近些年来的国际实践来看,奥林匹克运动对于推动人权实现的作用有目共睹。一方面,奥运带来的外部环境的变化促进了人权内涵的落地;另一方面,人权实现本身也正成为"奥运遗产"的一部分。不过,在奥林匹克实践中仍存在强迫迁徙、侵害劳工权益、过度保护强势团体等违背国际人权法的现象,近年来为国际体育组织日益关注。2008年北京奥运会在"绿色、科技、人文、法治"的理念指引下已经留下丰富的奥运遗产,2022年冬奥会将使北京再次成为世界瞩目的焦点。我国应充分继承奥运场馆、基础设施、体制机制、弱势群体保护、志愿服务体系等奥运遗产,提前做好冬奥"奥运遗产"的人权保护制度设计,借鉴国际重大赛事人权保护最佳实践做法,提升管理的规范性与决策民主性。应构建"奥运遗产"监测保障体系,在建立指标的基础上,可以利用外部资源实现长期的监测与评估,形成闭环机制,使北京奥运人权遗产成为国际奥林匹克运动的辉煌篇章。
Abstract：In IOC's Legacy Strategic Approach,"Olympic Legacy"was defined as the long-term benefits for people,for cities/territories from the Olympic Movement. In value,it highlights the importance of sports human rights. The Olympic spirit of itself has the same value in the core concepts of equality,peace and development in international human rights. From the point of view of international practice,the role of the Olympic Movements in promoting the realization of human rights is obvious:on the one hand,the Olympic Games brought about the changes in the external environment to put the human rights on the ground. On the other hand,human rights themselves are also becoming a part of the"Olympic Legacy". However,there are still many violations of international human rights law in Olympic practice,such as forced migration,violation of labors' rights,excessive protection of powerful groups and so on. In recent years,international sports organizations have paid more and more attention to these problems. Under the guidance of the concepts of"green,science and technology,humanities and rule of law",the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games have left a rich Olympic Legacy. The 2022 Winter Olympic Games will make Beijing the focus of world once again. China should fully inherit the Olympic Legacy,such as Olympic venues,infrastructure,institutional mechanisms,protection of vulnerable groups and voluntary service system. China should design the human rights protection system of the Olympic Legacy in advance,learn from the good practices of human rights protection in the international Mega-events,and enhance the normative management and democratic decision. We should build a monitoring and safeguarding system of"Olympic Legacy". On the basis of established indicators,we can use external resources to achieve long-term monitoring and evaluation,and form a closed-loop mechanism to make the human rights legacy of Beijing Olympic Games a brilliant success in International Olympic Movement.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2020.05.014
中图分类号:G811.21
引用信息:
[1]姜世波,李梦琦.“奥运遗产”：一个国际人权视角的观察[J].天津体育学院学报,2020,35(05):574-580+593.DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2020.05.014.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目（项目编号：18ZDA330）
2019-06-06
2019
2019-10-12
2019-10-14
2019
1
2020-09-18
2020-09-18
2020-09-18