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目的：采用SMART DX三维动作捕捉分析系统测定男女老年人在不同步速下双侧下肢的步态变异情况。方法：采用对比实验法测量对比34名老年人，在常速行走（1.05 m/s）、快走（1.41 m/s）和急行（1.74 m/s）时双侧下肢的步态变化分数、步态剖面图分数和步态偏离指数。结果：（1）步速和下肢侧别优势、下肢侧别优势和性别对步态偏离指数有明显交互效应（P<0.05);(2）女性老年人步态偏离指数明显高于男性，足偏角的步态变化分数明显低于男性，优势侧骨盆左右倾斜和髋内收外展的步态变化分数明显高于非优势侧（P<0.05);(3）骨盆旋转的步态变化分数在步速1.41和1.74 m/s、髋旋转的步态变化分数和膝屈曲拉伸的步态变化分数在步速1.05和1.74 m/s以及踝背屈跖屈的步态变化分数在步速1.05、1.41和1.74 m/s均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：（1）相比女性老年人，男性行走时优势侧步态更容易发生偏差；（2）老年人步速越快时步态在矢状面和水平面的偏差程度越大，步态越不稳定，跌倒风险增加；（3）在进行跌倒干预时应考虑到下肢侧别优势、步速和性别差异。
Abstract：Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate gender,lower limb dominance and walking speed-related differences in gait deviation charac teristics of the Chinese elderly people with SMART DX three-dimension analysis system.Method:Comparative experiment was adopted.34 elderly people were selected as the research subjects.Gait Variable Scores,Gait Profile Score and Gait Deviation Index of two lower limbs were recorded and compared in the speed of regular walking(1.05 m/s),quick walking(1.41 m/s) and speed walking(1.74 m/s),respectively.Results:(1) There were significant interaction effects of walking speed and lower limb dominance,gender and lower limb dominance on Gait Deviation Index(P<0.05);(2) Elderly females had higher Gait Deviation Index and lower Gait Variable Score of foot progression than old males(P<0.05);Gait Variable Scores of pelvic obliquity and hip ab-adduction in dominant lower limb were significantly higher than non-dominant side(P<0.05);(3) Gait Variable Score of pelvic rotation between 1.41 m/s and 1.74 m/s,Gait Variable Score of hip rotation between 1.05 m/s and 1.74 m/s,Gait Variable Score of knee flex-extension between 1.05 m/s and 1.74 m/s as well as Gait Variable Score of ankle dors-plantar flex between 3 walking speeds all had significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusions:(1) The gait in old males' dominant lower limb is more likely to be deviated;(2) The faster walking speed of the elderly,the higher gait deviation in sagittal and traversal plane,the more unstable the gait and the higher the risk of falling;(3) Gender,lower limb dominance and walking speed should be considered during fall interventions for the elderly.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2023.02.014
中图分类号:G804.6
引用信息:
[1]刘敏,李玉茹,马晓卫,等.老年人步态变异特征的SMART DX三维分析：性别、步速和下肢侧别优势[J].天津体育学院学报,2023,38(02):215-220.DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2023.02.014.
基金信息:
天津市虚拟仿真实验教学项目(项目编号：2019029)
2021-10-28
2021-10-28
2021-10-28