天津体育学院学报

目的:以乒乓球等6个不同运动项目的运动员和大学在校生作为模型,进行基础视觉能力、视觉眼动能力和视觉动作技能等3方面的测试,分析运动员和非运动员在各阶层视觉能力上的差异,以探讨运动技能与视觉功能的相关性。方法:以天津体育学院260名乒乓球等6个不同运动项目的运动员和天津职业大学60名非运动员在校生作为研究对象,进行动态平衡等13项能力的测定,通过用SPSS软件分析处理,显示运动员、初级运动员和非运动员的相关视觉能力。结果:运动员有较佳的视觉敏感度和视觉记忆;初级运动员比非运动员有更好的相对深度判断等能力;运动员有较佳的手眼和身眼协调能力,表现在精确和快速判断物体在空间移动、预期物体移动的时间和位置;运动员视觉眼动的控制在两度空间测试并没有更佳的准确性和更快的反应;初级运动员通常比非运动员有较好的运动视觉,但高级运动员并没有比初级运动员好。结论:运动员与非运动员之间在逐渐适应性地使用各种视觉—运动技能方面,其能力是不同的;运动员和非运动员的视觉能力可以预测与视觉有关的运动技能;许多潜在的视觉—运动能力和基础的视觉能力对运动员的运动技能具有高度预测性,而对于非运动员的技能则只有中等程度的预测效果。

Objective:To test and analysis the basic visual ability,complex visuo-oculomotor ability and visuo-motor skills of athletes and non-athletes,discuss the distinction of the visual function and skills between them,finally to find the impact of visual function on sport performance. Methods:260 ath-letes,who played respectively table tennis,badminton,basketball,volleyball,tennis and soccer from Tianjin University of Sport,and 60 non-athletesfrom Tianjin Vocational Institute Optometry School as case-control students were recruited. The test items included Vision Acuity,Dominate Eye,Contrastsensitivity functions etc 13 test items;Used the SPSS software to analysis all the collecting data and used the graphs pattern to describe the sport visual func-tions of different level athletes and non-athletes. Results:Higher level athletes had better visual sensitivity and visual memory than others;Primary levelathletes had better dynamic visual acuity,change ability of accommodation,Motion-in-Depth Judgment than non-athletes;All the athletes had good eye-hand-body coordination,which is important to quickly,precisely judge the anticipate orbit,time and position of target,however,the visual eye-movementcontrol ability did not show the good response and reaction in two-dimension. The research also demonstrated that primary athletes have better sport visionfunction than non-athlete,but the higher athlete did not show the better ability than primary athletes. Conclusions:The effectiveness is different betweenathletes and non-athletes to utilize visual skills to guide the sport skills. Visual ability and skills are important to predict the sport skills related to it not onlyfor athlete,but also for non-athlete. But the potential visumotor-movement and basic visual function is highly predicable to sport skill for athletes,however,it only has Moderate prediction effect.