天津体育学院学报

国内关于冰状路面行走的步态研究较少,本研究通过分析相应的步态特征,查找冰状路面与普通路面行走在足底压力分布方面的差异,探索如何减小滑倒因素以及对防滑鞋的选择和设计,为冰状路面行走的步态分析研究提供科学依据。运用生物力学研究方法和统计方法,对15名男性健康青年在冬季户外冰状路面无保护状态下的行走和普通路面的行走进行对比分析,对双脚支撑期进行了研究。结果表明,冰状路面行走时双脚支撑时相和支撑时相较长,支撑的距离、复步长及足底压力中心纵轴最大距离较短,足跟着地时与地面夹角较小、踝关节角度较大、髋关节角度较小,足尖离地时与地面夹角较小、膝关节角度较大,足底足前区和足后区最大压力较小、离地腿足前区冲量较大、2个足区的压力变化率绝对值较小。应加强身体在矢状面的控制,在足尖离地瞬间,同侧躯干适当前倾,使人体重心投影处于支撑面内,增强行走的稳定性;加强着地腿的髋关节和踝关节的肌肉以及离地腿膝关节的肌肉的锻炼;选择和设计防滑鞋时要相应增大足跟部和足前部的鞋底面积,纹路相应加深,选用的材料相应较软且能吸收一定水分,此外,足跟部于足前部相比略有不同,足跟部的面积较大、纹路较浅及材料较硬。

There is little research in gait analysis of walking on icy road in China. We studied it and tried to understand the icy road and normal road differ-ence in plantar pressure distribution. The purpose is to find the way to decrease the possibility of slip and landing and to give advice to the design of shoe. Us-ing biomechanical method and statistic method the 15 healthy young men who walked on icy road and normal road without protection were studied. The doublesupport phase is studied too. The results of walking on icy road illustrated that the time of double support and support was longer,distance for support and dou-ble step was shorter,the maximal distance for center of foot in Y axis was shorter,the angle between landing foot and ground was smaller,ankle angle was big-ger,hip angle was smaller,the angle between leaving foot and ground was smaller,knee angle was bigger,maximal force under forefoot and heel was small-er,impulse under forefoot of leaving foot was bigger,force change rate for two areas was smaller. We should strengthen the body control in the sagittal plane, at toe off moment,the ipsilateral trunk suitable current tilt,the centre of gravity of body surface projection in support,enhance the stability of walking. We ad-vise it needs to enhance the training for muscle around hip and ankle in landing leg and muscle around knee in leaving leg. We need to increase the area ofsole for heel and forefoot. The line under the sole should be made deeper. It needs to choose the soft and drinking material;In addition,compared with thefront of the foot,the foot heel area is larger,distress is shallower and the material is harder.