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相比于大众锻炼领域和体育教育领域,竞技体育受到了运动心理学的更多关注。一系列运动心理干预技术已在北京奥运会上使用,如心理对策库、生物反馈技术、心理影片和音乐、心理网站,专为运动员做心理测试和迅速调整的多功能服务车等。心理领域的领先技术如电脑电图(EEG),事件相关电位(ERP)和电脑象限图(EEQG)等被用于诊断运动员运动时的心理状态或训练效果。通过对近3年发表在重要国家和国际期刊及会议里相关文章的分析发现,运动动机、运动认知、自我认知、运动情绪和心理技能是近年来运动心理学在竞技体育领域的主要研究方向。积极心理学的兴起有丰富的理论和应用领域,也丰富了近代运动心理学的理论和应用领域。运动心理学在20世纪出现许多新思潮,流畅体验便是其中之一。在竞技运动领域,心理监控与运动实践的联系是最紧密的。心理监控也正在向着系统化与专业化的方向一步步迈进,现代技术如CAS计算机辅助运动技术、Observer行为观察分析软件、FaceReader软件、Virtual-Reality仿真系统(虚拟现实)等已经在训练或比赛中得以应用。建议对已取得的运动心理学研究成果可以在未来实践中得到更多的应用。
Abstract：Compared with mass sport and PE,competitive sport was drawn more focus by sport psychology.A series of techniques had been used in the Beijing Olympics,such as psychological countermeasures database,biofeedback technique,psychological videos and music,psychological websites,multi-function Serve Car designed to do psychological testing and adjusting rapidly and so on.Great advances of sport psychological techniques,such as electro-encephalogram(EEG),event-related potentials(ERP),and electro-encephalon quadrant graph(EEQG) were applied to explore the mental profile during movement operations or evaluate athletes' related to training effect.Competitive sports area attracts more attention,compared to the exercise sports area and physical education area.Through an analysis on the characteristics of articles published in important national and international journals and conferences in the past three years,athletic motivation,sport cognition,self consciousness,sport emotion and mental training were major topics in the competitive sports area.The rise of positive psychology has enriched the theory and application field of neoteric sports psychology.There are many new trends of thinking on sport psychology coming out in 20th century,one of which is known as the Flow.In the competitive sport area,mental monitoring is most closely to the practice of sport.Systematization and specialization are where mental monitoring going.Modern techniques,such as Computer Assistant Sport(CAS),Observer,FaceReader and Virtual-Reality,have been applied in the practice of sports.Lastly,suggestions on application of sport psychology in future research have been given.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2012.03.005
中图分类号:G804.8
引用信息:
[1]张忠秋.运动心理学在竞技体育领域的研究发展与应用[J].天津体育学院学报,2012,27(03):185-191.DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2012.03.005.
2012-05-25
2012-05-25