| 411 | 7 | 172 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
积分制是很多体育项目运动员最常用的排名方式,根据运动员所参加的比赛和获得名次大致可以反映运动员综合水平排名,但此排名还受某些偶然因素影响,如比赛中关键球的运气成分,因此运动员在某段时间内发挥稳定性与其排名可能有所差异,但对于重要赛事指定哪个运动员参加,教练则要综合考虑运动员近期的发挥状态,特别是发挥稳定性。针对乒乓球运动员控球稳定性无法定量描述的问题,通过自主设计的落点采集系统试验获得6名不同水平运动员接发球的落点数据,采用数理统计和分形理论方法分别计算落点的数学期望、方差、协方差、相关系数、Hurst指数和关联维数,并提出定量评估运动员控球稳定性的参数,即关联期望率。结果表明:数理统计和分形方法中的参数均不能单独衡量运动员控球稳定性;落点的Hurst指数均介于0.51.0之间,具有长程正相关性,符合分形特征;提出的关联期望率能较好地衡量运动员控球稳定性,值越大说明运动员控球越稳定。研究结果为量化乒乓球运动员的控球稳定性提供了理论基础和实现途径,同时也为教练根据不同技术特点的对手指派出战队员,此外,运动员本身还可根据自己控球的关联期望率来合理训练,以提高发挥的稳定性。
Abstract：Point redemption scheme is the most commonly used ranking method for many sports athletes. It is based on athletes participating in the competi-tion and get ranked,roughly reflects the overall level of athletes ranking,but this ranking is also affected by some accidental factors,such as the key ball in thegame of luck. The athletes in a certain period of time play stability and may be different for ranking,but the important events which sent athletes to the prob-lem,coach need to consider the athletes play recently,especially its stability. Focus on the problem of cannot quantitative describe the stability of table tennisathletes,the placement data of 6 different level athletes obtained through the experiment by the placement acquisition system designed by ourselves,then,mathematical expectation,variance,covariance,correlation coefficient,Hurst exponent and correlation dimension calculated by using mathematical statisticsand fractal methods,a parameter for quantitative evaluating the stability of the athletes is put forward-the rate of correlation dimension and mathematical ex-pectation. The results showed that the parameters of mathematical statistics and fractal method cannot measure the stability of athletes separately. The Hurstexponent of placement is between 0.51.0,which has a long range positive correlation,and with fractal characteristics. The rate of correlation dimension andmathematical expectation be put forward can describe the stability of athletes,the greater of the rate of correlation dimension and mathematical expectation,themore stable of the athletes. The research results provide a theoretical basis and a way to quantify the stability of table tennis athletes. At the same time,it alsoassigns players for the opponent according to different technical characteristics. In addition,the athlete can also train himself according to the expectation rateof the ball control,so as to improve the stability of play.
[1]詹英,吴志刚,李博.乒乓球教学与训练[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2009:21.
[2]贾纯良,穆亚楠.乒乓球快速入门与实战技术[M].成都:成都时代出版社,2014:20.
[3]彭跃清,陈利和.乒乓球入门技巧一月通[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2014:43.
[4]余万,李春,朱玲,等.不同比赛气候条件对乒乓球飞行轨迹影响研究[J].运动,2016,138(10):23-24.
[5]TANG H P,MIZOGUCHI M,TOYOSHIMA S.Hitting properties of the new 40mm diameter table tennis ball[J].Research of Physical Education,2002,47(2):155-162.
[6]邱团,李超,陈础.中国乒乓球主力运动员马琳与马龙接发球技战术比较研究[J].中国体育科技,2010,46(5):52-55.
[7]成波锦,杨欢.新型无缝塑料乒乓球的特征及对击球速度和旋转影响的试验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2014,37(10):141-144.
[8]陈德林.乒乓球12区落点训练法[J].中国学校体育,1993(1):57.
[9]陈德林.乒乓球12区落点训练法的试验研究[J].体育科学,2000,20(4):74-76.
[10]张秋芬.第47届世界乒乓球锦标赛男子团体决赛击球落点分析[J].中国体育科技,2004,40(6):64-66.
[11]陈德林.乒乓球战术训练的落点监控与效果评定[J].广州体育学院学报,2006,26(5):56-57.
[12]CHEN Y F,LIU C H,FANG T H,et al.A study of applying piezoelectric material to hitting placement sensing system for table tennis players[J].Sensor Letters,2012,10(5):1173-1177.
[13]MA R G,XING H W.Table tennis training intelligent assessment system based on placement identification[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013,440(10):341-345.
[14]刘式达.物理学中的分形[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014:210.
[15]郝柏林.分岔、混沌、奇怪吸引子、湍流及其他:关于确定论系统中的内在随机性[J].物理学进展,1983(3):63-150.
[16]王汉斌.煤与瓦斯突出的分形预测理论及应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2012:01.
[17]刘延柱,陈立群.非线性动力学[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000:8.
[18]RINALDO A,RODRIGUEZITURBE I I,RIGON R,et al.Self-organized fractal river networks[J].Physical Review Letters,1993,70(6):822-825.
[19]曼德尔布洛特.分形对象[M].北京:世界图书出版公司,1999:17.
[20]郝研.分形维数特性分析及故障诊断分形方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[21]乔美英.工作面瓦斯涌出量时序混沌分形特性分析及其预测研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.
[22]HURST H E.Long term storage capacity of reservoirs[J].Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1951,116(12):76-808.
[23]MANDELBROT B B,WALLIS J R.Robustness of the rescaled range R/S in the measurement of noncyclic long run statistical dependence[J].Water Resources Research,1969,5(5):967-988.
[24]BENASSI A,BERTRAND P,COHEN S,et al.Identification of the Hurst index of a step fractional brownian motion[J].Statistical Inference for Stochastic Processes,2000,3(1):101-111.
[25]MANDELBROT B B,NESS J W V.Fractional brownian motions,fractional noises and applications[J].Siam Review,2015,2015(4):1-2.
[26]PACKARD N H,CRUTCHFIELD J P,FARMER J D,et al.Geometry from a time series[J].Physical Review Letters,1980,45(9):712-716.
[27]TAKENS F.Detecting strange attractors in turbulence[M].Springer Berlin Heidelberg:Dynamical Systems and Turbulence,1981:366-381.
[28]MA?éR.On the dimension of the compact invariant sets of certain nonlinear maps[M].Springer Berlin Heidelberg:Dynamical Systems and Turbulence,1981:230-242.
[29]王海燕,卢山.非线性时间序列分析及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:19-21.
[30]CAO L.Practical method for determining the minimum embedding dimension of a scalar time series[J].Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena,1997,110(1-2):43-50.
[31]LEI M,WANG Z,FENG Z.A method of embedding dimension estimation based on symplectic geometry[J].Physics Letters A,2002,303(2-3):179-189.
[32]GRASSBERGER P,PROCACCIA I.Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors[J].Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena,1983,9(12):189-208.
[33]FRASER A M,SWINNEY H L.Independent coordinates for strange attractors from mutual information[J].Physical Review A,1986,32(2):1134-1140.
[34]KIM H S,EYKHOLT R,SALAS J D.Nonlinear dynamics,delay times,and embedding windows[J].Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena,1999,127(1-2):48-60.
[35]ATAEI M,LOHMANN B,KHAKI-SEDIGH A,et al.Model based method for determining the minimum embedding dimension from chaotic time series-univariate and multivariate cases[J].Nonlinear Phenom Complex Syst,2003,6(4):842-851.
[36]GRASSBERGER P,PROCACCIA I.Characterization of strange attractors[J].Physical Review Letters,1983,50(5):346-349.
基本信息:
DOI：10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2017.02.005
中图分类号:G846
引用信息:
[1]张俊伟,李春,丁勤卫,等.乒乓球运动员控球稳定性试验与理论研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2017,32(02):117-122+133.DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2017.02.005.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:51676131;51176129)
2017-03-25
2017-03-25