天津体育学院学报

运用文献资料、调查访谈、数理统计与分析等方法,对当前常用的乒乓球比赛技战术实力评估方法的缺陷进行分析,并以乒乓球技战术发展现状和近两年重大比赛的数据统计分析为理论依据指出:单打比赛中,前四板的争夺依然是比赛的重点,发球抢攻仍是主要得分手段;单打比赛中五、六板的使用率较高,三、五板和四、六板的衔接是仅次于发球抢攻、接发球抢攻的重要得分段,这两板球也是比赛中攻防转换的关键点;男子发球抢攻段和第五板的使用率稍高于女子,但六板后相持段的使用率女子明显高于男子;对技战术实力进行评估时,五、六板的使用和得失分要结合发球抢攻、接发球抢攻来进行分析。在以上理论基础上,构建了"双系五段分析"评价体系及其评价标准。该评价体系依据当前乒乓球比赛特点对其竞技能力统计指标重新进行划分,并按照男女差异对其统一评价标准分别进行设定,同时提出乒乓球比赛竞技能力"个体评价标准"这个新概念。分析新评价体系的合理性,并举例说明用"个体评价标准"对运动员技战术能力运用的合理性与否进行分析能有效避免归因不全和错误归因的情况。

With the method of literature,expert interviews and mathematical statistics,this paper analyzed the shortcomings of assessment method oftechniques and tactics strength of table tennis match. Based on the current development situation of the table tennis techniques and tactics and the statisticaldata analysis of major competitions over the two years,this article points out that: in singles match,the first four board is still the focus of the competition,serve-then-aggress is still the main scoring means;the five or six board has the highest utilization in singles,the convergence between the third-fifth boardand the fourth-sixth board is the important means of scoring which is second only to serve-then-aggress and receive-then-aggress,and these two boardsare also the key points of attack and defense transforms;the utilization of the serve-then-stress part and the fifth board are slightly higher than those ofwomen,however,as for the utilization of the rally part after the sixth board,the women are significantly higher than men. To evaluate the techniques andtactics strength,the use of five or six board and the winning and losing points should be analyzed by linking with the serve-then-agrees and the receive-then-agrees. Based on the above theories,this study constructs the "double five sections analysis" evaluation system and evaluation standard. On the basis of thecurrent characteristics of the table tennis match,this system re-classified the competitive ability of statistical indexes,and according to the differencesbetween men and women,the unified evaluation criteria was set respectively. Meanwhile,it put forward a new concept of table tennis match competitiveability—the "individual evaluation standard ". This paper analyzes the rationality of the new evaluation system and illustrates that analyzing the rationalityof the application of the players' techniques and tactics ability with the "individual evaluation standard" can effectively avoid the mistakes of attributionsand the incomplete attribution.