天津体育学院学报

世界反兴奋剂规则体系在建立过程中,过分重视样本分析环节给药检结果带来的直接影响,在样本分析前环节方面的考虑却稍有欠缺。然而,样本分析前环节的失范极有可能造成样本本身的质量问题,所造成的影响会间接导致药检结果失真。"孙杨案"所暴露出的正是这一问题的直接体现。一方面,样本分析前的程序监控较之分析环节有虞,相关标准严密不足且缺乏程序性制裁规则;另一方面,运动员在样本分析前环节的程序性权利并不明晰,其在反兴奋剂工作的程序失范中将承担更大的风险。一旦运动员在模棱两可的程序规则中陷入与反兴奋剂组织或体育仲裁机构不完全相同甚至相反的认识,其权益将会遭受严重损失。虽然,运动员同样可以根据反兴奋剂规则寻求事后的权利救济,但却需要为此付出巨大的成本。反兴奋剂工作既应保证体育公平,也应当顾全运动员的权利。对运动员的权利保障不能完全指望事后救济,还需要通过在事前明晰程序规则,为运动员和反兴奋剂工作者提供严格的行为指导,从而避免类似"孙杨案"中的情形发生。是故,考察世界反兴奋剂制度体系下样本采集等分析前环节的程序困境并加以弥补,兼顾体育公平与运动员权利方是正举。

The WADA system pays excessive attention to the direct impact of sample analysis on drug test results,but does not pay attention to the indirect impact of pre-sample analysis procedure on sample test results. The process of sample analysis may reduce the quality of samples,thus affecting the results of sample inspection. This is also the key issue in Sun Yang's case. On the one hand,the program monitoring before sample analysis is looser than that of the laboratory,and the relevant standards are not strict enough and procedural sanctions are lacking. On the other hand,athletes' procedural rights in the process before sample analysis are not clear,and they will take greater risks if the procedures of anti-doping work are out of order. Once the athletes' understanding of the ambiguous procedural rules is not as same as or even opposite to the anti-doping organization or the sports arbitration organization,their rights will be seriously damaged. Although athletes can seek ex post facto remedy under anti-doping rules,it can be costly. Anti-doping work should not only ensure the fairness of sports,but also take into consideration the rights of athletes. The protection of the rights of the athletes can't only rely on the remedy after the incident,but also need to provide a strict guidance to behavior of athletes and anti-doping workers through clear procedural rules for avoiding situations which is similar to the Sun Yang's. Therefore,to investigate and remedy the procedural difficulties in the pre-analysis process such as sample collection under the world anti-doping system,it is a positive step to considerate sports fairness and athletes' rights.