天津体育学院学报

1994—2013年是中国足球经历职业化发展的20年,职业足球俱乐部不断发展壮大,成为城市文化和产业的重要组成部分。从人文地理学视角出发,利用数理统计、空间集聚模型和时空轨迹演化等方法,对中国顶级职业足球俱乐部的时空分布格局和演化历程进行分析,结果发现:(1)中国顶级职业足球俱乐部的城市分布在空间上呈现明显的总体不均衡和局部集聚特征。总体不均衡主要表现在东、中、西部分布差异大,东部沿海城市的顶级职业足球俱乐部分布约占总数的74.8%,局部集聚主要表现在直辖市和省会城市是顶级职业足球俱乐部的分布所在,累计占总数的77.6%,个别年份甚至在辽宁、广东、上海等省区出现块状集聚。(2)顶级职业足球俱乐部在中国城市的分布是一个动态演化的过程,除了区域内的整合重组之外,还有区域外的迁移。中国顶级职业足球俱乐部在北方城市的分布数量、稳定性和连续性均优于南方城市。(3)中国顶级职业足球俱乐部在单赛季普遍存在单个城市集聚的现象,但在20年间总体分布上呈现明显的离散状态。其在城市间的空间扩散现象主要发生在甲A时期,并止于2007年,未来新职业足球俱乐部的发展和新的城市发展足球文化产业将会面临更大阻力和挑战。

China's football has been professionalized since 1994. At the same time,the professional football clubs have continuously developed and become animportant part of urban culture and industry. From the perspective of Human Geography,this paper analyzed spatial-temporal distribution pattern and evolutionof Chinese top professional football clubs by using mathematical statistics,spatial clustering model and spatial-temporal trajectory evolution. The results indicat-ed that(1)The spatial distribution of China's top professional football clubs in cities is obviously unbalanced in general and congregate in part. The unbalance ingeneral lies in the great difference of distribution among the eastern,central and western China. The top professional football clubs are distributed in the easterncoastal cities,accounting for 74.8% of the total. The local clustering manifest as that the top professional football clubs are mainly distributed in the municipalitiesdirectly under the central government and capital cities,accounting for 77.6% of the total. In some years,the top professional football clubs even present the pat-tern of massive distribution in these provinces and the municipalities directly under the central government such as Liaoning province,Guangdong province andShanghai city.(2)The distribution of the top professional football clubs in cities is evolved dynamically. Apart from the integration and reorganization of the topprofessional football clubs inside the region,they are also moved outside the region. The top professional football clubs in northern China gain advantages oversouthern China in the total number of distribution,stability and continuity.(3)China's top professional football clubs in a single season generally cluster in a sin-gle city. However,they were overall distributed in a discrete state during the past 20 years. The spatial spread of China's top professional football clubs in citiesoccurred in the first decade and ended in 2007. In the future,the professional football clubs and urban football industry will face greater obstructions and chal-lenges in the process of development.