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训练负荷强度分布（TID）是不同负荷强度的训练内容在日常训练中的比例结构，针对竞速类项目TID研究存在比例结构争议，在数理统计和文献评述的基础上，发现TID不一致的原因主要在于运动员从事项目、性别、竞技水平、训练阶段、统计方法 5个方面，并认为竞速类项目的TID与训练负荷量之间的关系表现为男性运动员、运动员竞技水平越高、年度训练阶段越靠前、运动项目的年训练量越大，低强度训练比例越大。曲线参数估计显示，若采用整体性统计方法，低强度和中等强度比例与周训练量之间存在指数关系，周训练量较大项目的低强度负荷比例约为90%，且呈现“金字塔模式”，周训练量较小项目的低强度比例约为80%，中等强度和高强度比例接近；若采用过程性统计方法，低强度和中等强度比例与周训练量之间为对数关系，低强度训练负荷比例较整体性统计偏高，并呈现“金字塔模式”。文献综述和数理统计的基础上，探讨了TID影响因素，以及各因素导致的结构性区别与规律。结果表明：1)TID不一致的原因主要在于运动员从事项目、性别、竞技水平、训练阶段、统计方法 5个方面；2）文献评述后，发现并提出了竞速类项目的 TID与训练负荷量之间存在关系的假设，即男性运动员、运动员竞技水平越高、年度训练阶段越靠前、运动项目的年训练量越大，低强度训练比例越大。
Abstract：Training intensity distribution(TID)is the proportion structure of training content with different load intensity in daily training. There are controversies about the proportional structure of TID research on racing events. In this paper,the influencing factors of TID,and the differences and rules caused by each factor were discussed. By using the methods of literature review and mathematical statistics,the main reasons for the inconsistency of TID included in the following five aspects:athletes' events,gender,competitive level,training stage and statistical methods,and consider that there is a relationship between TID and training volume,which showed male athletes,higher level,front phases of annual training,more training volume of racing events,the low-intensity load ratio will be higher. Curve estimation showed that if the overall statistics were used,there were exponential relationships between Zone1% and Zone2% and week training load,the proportion of low-intensity load for the larger weekly training amount was about 90%,and presented a“pyramid mode”.The proportion of low-intensity load for the smaller weekly training amount was about 80%,and the proportion of medium intensity and high intensity was close. If procedural statistics were used,there were both logarithmic relationships between Zone1% and Zone2% and training load,the proportion of low-intensity load was higher than that of overall statistics,and presented a "pyramid model".
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2022.03.015
中图分类号:G808.1
引用信息:
[1]陈亮.竞速类项目的训练负荷强度分布——区别与规律[J].天津体育学院学报,2022,37(03):344-351.DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2022.03.015.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金青年项目（项目编号：15CTY019）; 福建省社会科学规划项目（项目编号：FJ2020B082）
2022-05-26
2022-05-26
2022-05-26