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以国内外高水平个人项目运动员赛前减量训练案例为研究对象,归纳赛前减量训练的负荷变化特征,得出如下主要结论。不同项目或项群赛前减量训练阶段按用时长短依次为:游泳和长距离竞速(非游泳)项目,短距离竞速(非游泳)、快速力量性和表现类项目,技战能主导类对抗类项目。负荷量下降幅度由大到小依次为:游泳和表现性项目,竞速类(非游泳)和快速力量性项目,技战能主导类对抗性项目。赛前减量训练阶段的日负荷量变化通常以前往比赛地为界分为2个阶段,其中,第1阶段多为练1(大负荷量)调1;第2阶段包括练2(大负荷量)调1和练1(中等负荷量)调1共2种基本形式;赛前3天左右主要以略微起伏的小负荷量训练为主。减量训练阶段的负荷强度与之前相比保持稳定或略有提高,具体表现为,竞速类项目中等强度训练比例的下降;其他项群表现为专项、实战、完整训练和技术训练比例的提高以及素质练习部分比例的降低。
Abstract：As the research object to the tapering training cases of elite individual event athletes,the paper summarized the characteristics of training load.The following main conclusions included:the duration between events and event-groups is different,from longer to shorter successively are swimming and long-distance racing-group(except swimming),short-distance racing-group(except swimming),rapid strength-group and show-group,compete-group are shorter.The range of tapering from bigger to smaller successively are swimming and show-group,distance racing-group(except swimming) and rapid strength-group,compete-group.The changes of every day' s training load of taper general divide into 2 stages using the go to the competition site as boundary.The first stage' s training T1-A1(training one day and adjustment one day)with high training volume for mare;the second stage include 2 types,the one is T1-A2 with high training volume,the other is T1-A1 with moderate training volume,the training before competition mainly using rolling low training volume.The training intensity in tapering remaining stable or increasing a bit,and can be reflected from training contents.Distance racing-group mainly for the enhance of high and low training intensity contents;the others mainly for the enhance of event-self training and technical training,at the same time,the proportion of physical ability training is reducer.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2017.01.002
中图分类号:G808.1
引用信息:
[1]陈亮,李荣,刘成,等.高水平个人项目运动员赛前减量训练阶段的负荷变化特征[J].天津体育学院学报,2017,32(01):8-15.DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2017.01.002.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:15CTY019);; 山东省社会科学规划研究项目(项目编号:10CTYJ07)
2017-01-25
2017-01-25