天津体育学院学报

《国家学生体质健康标准》(简称《标准》)执行15年以来鲜有对《标准》执行效果的后果评价。以教育政策学、教育生态学、管理学、相关文献为论说支撑,对《标准》的后果评估相关问题进行辨思。《标准》的后果评价存在着来自"政策目标、因果关系、政策资源、政策成本、评估信息、评估方式、评估主体与评估客体"等八大方面障碍,分别指向《标准》目标与内容的矛盾与模糊的双重性、"体质健康"复合效果与《标准》独立影响的分离困境、"体质健康"政策重叠与《标准》独立效果的分离之痛、"成本收益"评估难度与《标准》评估经费的尴尬、《标准》测试数据的真实性与有效性问题、学校与第三方利益相关性的两难境地、学校趋利避害的本能困惑、利益相关者的评估抵制问题。援引政策评估的利益相关者模式对《标准》进行的评估认为,《标准》的认知度与认同度不高,有效性有限、《标准》的执行忠诚度不高,政策效率尴尬、《标准》的回应度不高,公平性有待进一步提高。建议建立"阶梯式激励机制""《标准》测试内容与体育教学内容的整合机制"《标准》"民意表达机制"等三个机制。

From the perspective of education policy,there are few research about the consequence evaluation of “National Students Constitutional Health Criterion”(Criterion). In this study,we evaluated the consequences of Criterion based on the theory of education policy and literature. First of all,we analyzed the possible obstacles in the evaluation process of the implementation effect of the Criterion. The evaluation of the result of the Criterion will encounter eight major obstacles,including evaluation subject,evaluation object,objective,causality,resource,cost,evaluation information and evaluation method,which refer to the dualism of the contradiction and fuzzy between the target and content,separation dilemma between“physical health”composite effect and the influence of Criterion independent overlapping,the separation pain between the policy of“physical health”and the independent effect of Criterion,the embarrassment between difficulty of“cost-benefit”assess and the Criterion assessment funds,the authenticity and validity of Criterion test data,the interests correlation dilemma between the school and third party,the instinctive confusion of schools seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages and the evaluation resistance of stakeholders. Secondly,the stakeholder model of policy evaluation is cited to evaluate the Criterion,and it is concluded that the recognition and acceptance of the Criterion are not high,the effectiveness is limited,the implementation loyalty of the Criterion is not high,the policy efficiency is embarrassing,the response degree of the Criterion is not high,and the fairness of the Criterion needs to be further improved. There are three suggestions. The first is to establish a“stepped incentive mechanism”. The second is to establish the integration mechanism between the test content of the Criterion and the content of physical education. The third is to establish a mechanism for the expression of public opinions.