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以往有关专家运动员视觉搜索特征的研究存在较大分歧。运用元分析,将注视次数、注视时间作为结果变量,探讨专家运动员的视觉搜索特征及影响因素。通过文献检索与筛查,共有39篇中英文文献纳入研究,其中注视次数生成33个独立变量(966人),注视时间生成40个独立变量(1 066人)。结果发现,专家运动员的注视次数显著少于非专家运动员(d=-0.849),但是2组在注视时间上无显著差异(d=-0.241)。调节效应检验发现,项目类型(P=0.000<0.05)、研究工具(P=0.010<0.05)和试验材料形式(P=0.009<0.05)会影响专家运动员的注视次数。元分析结果表明,注视次数可以作为区分专家与非专家运动员的重要指标,注视时间不能有效识别专家运动员和非专家运动员。未来研究可选取其他眼动指标和调节变量,进一步探索专家运动员的视觉搜索特征及影响因素。
Abstract：The previous studies on characteristics of visual search of expert athletes are inconsistent. This paper aims to explore the visual search characteristics of expert athletes,as well as the factors that affect visual search of athletes. Using meta-analysis,the number of fixations and fixation durations are taken as thedependent variables. Forty eligible studies were included in the current study,during which 33 independent effects were generated from the fixation number(containing 966 participants)and 40 independent effects were generated from the fixation durations(containing 1066 participants). The results revealed thatthe number of fixation of experts was significantly less than non-specialist athletes(d=-0.849),but there was no significant difference in fixation duration be-tween the two groups(d=-0.241). The moderator analysis indicated that the number of fixation of athletes could be affected by sport types(P=0.000<0.05),re-search tools(P=0.010<0.05)and stimulus presentation form(P=0.009<0.05). These findings suggest that the number of fixation can be used as an important in-dicator for distinguishing expert athletes from non-expert ones,but the fixation duration may not be. In future study,other eye movement indicators and moderator will be selected to explore the visual search characteristics of expert athletes and it's influencing factors.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2018.04.007
中图分类号:G804.8
引用信息:
[1]孙文芳,王馨悦,王长生,等.专家运动员的视觉搜索特征:基于眼动研究的Meta分析[J].天津体育学院学报,2018,33(04):321-328.DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2018.04.007.
基金信息:
军委科技委国防科技创新特区项目(项目编号:18-163-15-ZT-001-007-13)