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目的:考察锻炼投入、锻炼承诺、主观体验对大学生锻炼习惯的综合影响,并构建一组混合模型。方法:修订《学习投入与不满调查问卷》的情感投入和行为投入分量表,《动机与策略运用调查问卷》认知投入分量表,《青少年户外运动坚持决策量表》,《主观锻炼体验量表》的积极幸福感和心理困扰分量表,《大学生体育锻炼习惯量表》的行为稳定性和行为自动化分量表,自编行为规律性量表,对1 338名大学生(年龄19.89±2.031;男591人,女747人)进行调查。结果:锻炼投入、锻炼承诺、主观体验分别对大学生锻炼习惯的直接影响皆显著(P<0.001);在锻炼投入与大学生锻炼习惯的影响机制里,锻炼承诺的部分中介效应、主观体验有中介的调节效应、性别有调节的中介效应皆显著。结论:锻炼投入、锻炼承诺是大学生建立锻炼习惯的理性心理因素,主观体验是培养大学生锻炼习惯的非理性因素;对于不同性别大学生,锻炼投入皆能通过锻炼承诺和主观体验的中介调节机制而间接影响锻炼坚持性;大学生锻炼承诺和锻炼习惯的性别差异,可能因传统社会性别观和现代审美观所致。混合模型的建构,在一定程度解释了锻炼投入影响大学生锻炼习惯的内在机制,可为塑造大学生"终身体育"健康理念提供一定参考。
Abstract：Objective:Explored the comprehensive influences of exercise involvement,exercise commitment,and subjective experience on undergraduates' exercise habits. Moreover,constructed a mixed model. Methods:We investigated 1338 undergraduates(Aged=19.89 ± 2.031,male=541,female=779), used thesubscales of the emotional involvement and behavior involvement of the Engagement Versus Disaffection with Learning,the cognitive involvement subscale ofthe Motivation and Strategy Application Questionnaire,the Adolescents' Outdoor Sport Adhere Decision-making Scale,the subscales of positive well-beingand psychological distress of the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale,the self-developed behavioral regularity scale,and the subscales of the behavior stability and behavior automation of Undergraduates' Physical Exercise Habits scale. Results:The exercise involvement,exercise commitment,and subjective expe-rience were all had the direct positive influences on exercise habits(P<0.001). In the internal mechanism of undergraduates' exercise and exercise habits,thepart of the mediating effect of exercise commitment was significant,and the mediated moderator effect of subjective experience was significant,the moderatedmediator effect of gender was also significant. Conclusions:The exercise involvement and the exercise commitment are the rational psychological factors for un-dergraduates to establish exercise habits,and the subjective experience is an irrational factor in training undergraduates' exercise habits. For undergraduateswith different gender,the exercise involvement could put indirect effects on exercise adherence,through the mediated moderator mechanism of the exercisecommitment and the subjective experience. The gender differences in undergraduates' exercise commitment and exercise habits may be caused by the traditional social gender view and modern aesthetic view. To a certain extent,the construction of the mixed model explains the internal mechanism of the influences ofexercise involvement on undergraduates' exercise habits,and it could provide some reference for shaping the health concept of "Life-long Sports" for under-graduates.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2018.06.006
中图分类号:G807.4
引用信息:
[1]董宝林,毛丽娟.锻炼投入、锻炼承诺、主观体验对大学生锻炼习惯的影响:一个混合模型[J].天津体育学院学报,2018,33(06):492-499.DOI:10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2018.06.006.
基金信息:
上海市学校体育科研一般项目(项目编号:HJTY-2018-C37)