徐守森,赵霞,展更豪,张菁

• 1:首都体育学院运动科学与健康学院
• 2:北京百度网讯科技有限公司
• 3:首都体育学院休闲与社会体育学院
• 4:首都师范大学体育教研部

摘要(Abstract)：

通过试验组-控制组前测后测试验设计,考查正念接纳承诺干预对提升大学生运动表现和心理效益的作用。被试来自体育院校高尔夫选修课的51名大学生,试验组(n=33)接受高尔夫常规教学和正念接纳承诺干预,控制组(n=18)只接受高尔夫常规教学。用高尔夫推杆进洞成绩测量运动表现,用正念五因素问卷、接纳与行动问卷、竞赛状态焦虑问卷测量心理效益。重复测量方差分析的结果表明:(1)无论是推杆进洞的大洞成绩还是小洞成绩,正念接纳承诺组和控制组的后测均比前测有所提升,同时,在推杆进洞小洞成绩上,正念接纳承诺组的提升效果显著高于控制组;(2)在正念五因素问卷5个分量表和问卷总分上,正念接纳承诺组的提升效果均显著高于控制组;(3)正念接纳承诺干预能够显著降低经验回避;(4)在竞赛状态焦虑问卷上,正念接纳承诺能够降低认知焦虑,提升状态自信心,但是在本研究中,正念接纳承诺组的躯体焦虑得分反而显著高于控制组。结论:正念接纳承诺干预能够很好地提升运动表现和心理效益,可以推广到运动技能形成阶段的大学生群体。

关键词(KeyWords)： 大学生;正念接纳承诺;运动表现;心理效益

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 北京市教委青年拔尖人才培育计划(项目编号:CIT&TCD201504085)

作者(Author): 徐守森,赵霞,展更豪,张菁

DOI: 10.13297/j.cnki.issn1005-0000.2017.06.007

参考文献(References)：

• [1]GARDNER F L,MOORE Z E.The psychology of enhancing human performance:The mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach[M].New York:Springer Publishing Co.,2007.
• [2]GARDNER F L MOORE Z E.A mindfulness-acceptance-commitmentbased approach to athletic performance enhancement:Theoretical considerations[J].Behavior Therapy,2004,35(4):707-723.
• [3]DAVID D.Some Concerns About the Psychological Implications of Mindfulness:A Critical Analysis[J].Journal of Rational-Emotive&Cognitive-Behavior Therapy,2014,32:313-324.
• [4]GARDNER F L,MOORE Z E.Mindfulness and acceptance models in sport psychology:A decade of basic and applied scientific advancements[J].Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne,2012,53(4):309-318.
• [5]GARDNER F L,MOORE Z E,Marks D R.Rectifying Misconceptions:A Comprehensive Response to“Some Concerns About the Psychological Implications of Mindfulness:A Critical Analysis”[J].Journal of Rational-Emotive&Cognitive-Behavior Therapy,2014,32:325-344.
• [6]DOGAN U.Mindfulness-acceptance-commitment program for athletes and exercisers:an action research case study[D].Jyv?skyl?:University of Jyv?skyl?,2016.
• [7]HASKER S M.Evaluation Of The Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment(Mac)Approach For Enhancing Athletic Performance[D].Pennsylvania:Indiana University of Pennsylvania,2010.
• [8]GARDNER F L,WOLANIN A T,Moore Z E.Mindfulness-AcceptanceCommitment(MAC)based performance enhancement for Division I collegiate athletes:A preliminary investigation[J].Manuscript in preparation,2005.
• [9]SCHWANHAUSSER L.Application of the Mindfulness-AcceptanceCommitment(MAC)Protocol With an Adolescent Springboard Diver[J].Journal of clinical sport psychology,2009,3(4):377-395.
• [10]刘海楠.“接受”与“改变”——两种不同理念指导下的青少年运动员心理韧性干预研究[D].武汉:武汉体育学院,2012.
• [11]LUTKENHOUSE J M.The Case of Jenny:A Freshman Collegiate Athlete Experiencing Performance Dysfunction[J].Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology,2007(1):166-180.
• [12]赵大亮,张鸽子.正念-接受-承诺训练方式缓解武术运动员Choking的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2013(09):811-817.
• [13]BERNIER M,THIENOT E,CODRON R,et al.Mindfulness and Acceptance Approaches in Sport Performance[J].Journal of clinical sport psychology,2009,3(4):320-333.
• [14]卜丹冉.以正念接受为基础的心理干预对省级运动员表现提高的影响[D].武汉:武汉体育学院,2013.
• [15]王晓钧.高尔夫心理学[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2009.
• [16]GARDNER F L,MOORE Z E.Clinical Sport Psychology[M].Champaign:Human Kinetics,2006.
• [17]BAER R A,SMITH G T,LYKINS E,et al.Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples[J].Assessment,2008,15(03):329-342.
• [18]邓玉琴.心智觉知训练对大学生心理健康水平的干预效果[D].北京:首都师范大学,2009.
• [19]BOND F W,HAYES S C,Baer R A,et al.Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II:A revised measure of psychological flexibility and acceptance[J].Behavior Therapy,2011,42(6):676-688.
• [20]曹静,吉阳,祝卓宏.接纳与行动问卷第二版中文版测评大学生的信效度[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2013,27(11):873-877.
• [21]MARTENS R,VEALEY R S,BURTON D,et al.Development and validation of the Competitive Sports Anxiety Inventory-2[M]//Martens R,Vealey R S,Burton D.Competitive anxiety in sport.Champaign,IL:Human Kinetics,1990,117-178.
• [22]祝蓓里.运动竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI—2问卷)中国常模的修订[J].心理科学,1994,17(06):358-362.
• [23]PIET J,WURTZEN H,ZACHARIAE R.The effect of mindfulnessbased therapy on symptoms of anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients and survivors:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,2012,80(6):1007-1020.
• [24]FORSYTH J P,EIFERT G H.The mindfulness and acceptance workbook for anxiety:A guide to breaking free from anxiety,phobias,and worry using acceptance and commitment therapy[M].Oakland:New Harbinger Publications,2016.